The substance that is more plentiful in a solution
The substance that is less plentiful in a solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Molarity is the most common method to represent the concentration of solute particles in solution. $\text{Molarity} = \frac{\text{mol solute}}{\text{L solution}}$
A 3.75g sample of NaCl is dissolved in water. The total volume of the solution is 768mL. What is the molarity of the solution?
$3.75\text{g NaCl} \times \frac{1 \text{ mol NaCl}}{58.44 \text{ g NaCl}} = 0.0642 \text{ mol NaCl}$
$\text{Molarity} = \frac{0.0642 \text{ mol}}{0.768 \text{ L}} = 8.36\times10^{-2} \text{ M NaCl}$
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, it dissociates. These are known as electrolytes.
Common electrolytes include:
Lowering the concentration of solution (by adding more solvent). To determine the concentration of a solution, you can use the Dilution Equation.
$M_1V_1 = M_2V_{total}$
Note that $M*V = \text{moles}$. $M$ represents molarity and $V$ volume.
What if a 1M 10mL solution was diluted with 10mL extra water?