Table of Contents

Acid and Bases

Acid

Base

Strong vs Weak Acids and Bases

Note: Weak acids are extremely dangerous, HF on your skin will put amputation in your near future.

Strong Acids

Strong Bases

All group I + II Hydroxides are strong bases4)

Amphiprotic

Also called Amphoteric, these are ions that behave as either acids or bases. Water is an example of one.

pH scale

pH is a logarithmic scale to measure the acidity of a solution. Acids are between 0-7, bases are 7-14, and an exact value of 7 represents a neutral substance.

Calculating pH (and pOH)

These equations can be used to calculate the pH of a substance. pOH is useful for determining the basicness of a solution.

Taking the inverse log5) can return the amount of H+ and OH- as indicated by the formulas above.

Relationship between pH and pOH

Since the pH scale goes between 0 and 14, $\text{pH} + \text{pOH} = 14$. Also, using the rules in the section above, it can also be determined that $H^+ \times OH^- = 1 \times 10^{-14}$. This all assumes that the temperature is 25 °C. You can still use this if the temperature isn't stated.

1)
1 H+
2)
2 H+
3)
many H+
4)
examples include LiOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, etc.
5)
$10^x$ or $\log{x}^{-1}$